Shallow sand filter is a type of water filtration system that utilizes a bed of sand to remove impurities and contaminants from water. This simple yet effective technology relies on the natural process of sedimentation and mechanical filtration, where water passes through the layers of sand, and particulate matter, such as silt, debris, and some microorganisms, is trapped within the sand bed. The upper layer of the sand filter, known as the schmutzdecke, plays a crucial role in biological treatment by supporting the growth of beneficial bacteria that can help in degrading organic material. Shallow sand filters are commonly used for pre-treatment in water purification processes, wastewater treatment, and stormwater management, providing an environmentally friendly and cost-effective solution.
